There are claims on the leadership roles of the organizations social feminists in the negotiations with the ELN. You run the risk of repeating errors in the process with the FARC. Issue Public displays data about how at that time the participation of women in positions inferior to men.
The fifth attempt to dialogue with the guerrillas of the National Liberation Army (ELN) began with a photo. Published August 11, 2022, on his Twitter account, the minister of Foreign Affairs, Álvaro Leyva. In she met who were the delegates of the national government who traveled to Havana, Cuba, to meet with the designated guerrilla.
In the image posted was striking that there were only two women out of the ten officials portrayed. One of them was Laura Ramos, secretary of the chancellor. This fact again to bring the discussion on the participation and leadership of women in the stages of negotiation of peace.
“It is a picture very large. To the side of a plane is no pure for men, and there were two women,” said Adriana Benjumea, co-director of the Corporation Human, in an interview with the Issue Public. According to her, women were the secretariat of the senator Ivan Cepeda and the secretariat of the chancellor Leyva. “I imagine the debate to know if they left or not. 'Is that it is the assistant to dr. Leyva. There is the assistant to dr. Ivan. But well, that was.”
Despite this assertion, in dialogue with Concerned Public, the senator Cepeda corrected and said that “I have never traveled to the table of discussions with any person that is my work computer, or advisory, or secretariats”.
son five the attempts in which the national government has been sitting with the ELN —one of the guerrillas oldest in the country— to put an end to a conflict of nearly six decades. Now is the president Gustavo Petro, who intends to once again sit down with this armed group, in the framework of its policy of 'Total Peace'. An initiative that seeks to talk more effectively with the majority of organizations of political origin, but also, to achieve the subjugation of criminal gangsas the Auc of the Conquerors of the Sierra Nevada (ACSN) and the Autodefensas Gaitanistas de Colombia (AGC).
From the diplomatic mission the men's and the government's Petro, in the photograph were the senator Iván Cepeda; the chancellor, Álvaro Leyva; the high commissioner for peace, Danilo Wheel; the Special representative of the Secretary-General and Head of Mission for the Verification of the UN in Colombia, Carlos Ruiz Massieu; John Otto, sent Norwegian special for peace and Javier Caamaño, ambassador of Cuba in Colombia.
What is the government doing Petro to include women from the start?
The government of president, Gustavo Petro, has insisted on the inclusion of a list equal in its delegation to the restart of the talks with the ELN.
Eight men and eight women part of this table: María José Pizarro, senator of the Historical agreement; Olga Silva Lopez, director of the NGO, Humanity in force; Dayana Paola Urzola Domico, indigenous embera katío, and a member of the Technical Secretariat of the Table, inter-Ethnic of the Program of Development with a Territorial Approach (PDET) south of Cordoba; Rosmeri Quintero, Director (Acopi) (Colombian Association of Micro, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises).
“The concrete strategies [to include more women] are still to be defined jointly in the negotiation table with both delegations. Also on a Gender Commission, which we expect to settle,” said María José Pizarro.
It was the Friday 25 November from 2022, the Office of the High Commissioner for Peace reported that the national government would incorporate four more women to its negotiating team: lawyer, advocate of ethnic minorities and exdelegada government in the peace talks in Havana, Nigeria Renteria; the journalist caucana, Mábel Lara; the pastor of the presbyterian church, Adelaide Jiménez; and the reporter and researcher, María Jimena Duzán.
“In order to broaden the participation of women in the Table of Peace talks with the ELN, the National Government has decided to introduce four more women to its negotiating team,” he said in his time as high commissioner, Danilo Wheel.
Marina Gallego is the affirmation of the high commissioner. Because “these women are negotiating the government, are not of civil society, though some say that they are. They have to cater to the agenda of the government.”
Your affirmation is given then the reporter Duzán, will publish a column in the Magazine Change, explaining the reasons why it helped to be a part of the table. “I'm going to go to the negotiating table, not as part of the government, but on behalf of the civil society. However, that does not mean I will give up my right to critique, nor to my independence,” wrote the journalist.
According to Adriana Benjumea, co-director of the Corporation Human, to the table you are missing feminist.
Marina Gallego added that still lack the participation of civil society organizations. “That's not to say that there validemos women that the government appointed. It has been an advancement of our impact. But there had to be women who were in the process past. And the government has not been contacted with us to this issue.”
This same happens with the feminist organization Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, Limpal.
“It has not been open any channel of communication from the government for advice. In fact, this is one of the concerns. We see that there is talk of peace, but we do not feel that you are considering the lessons learned from the dialogue past. One of them, the necessary participation of women,” said director Diana Salcedo.
The participation of women in the peace process with the FARC-EP
The participation of women at the negotiating table had already been a theme in the dialogues with the FARC-EP, during the government of Juan Manuel Santos. Almost a year after installing the Table in Havana in 2013, included in the path of the dialogues, the participation of women, the gender approach and the claim specific rights of women and the LGBTI population.
During these peace agreements between the government and the FARC guerrilla group, between 2012 and 2016, were hired and contracted 183 men and 190 women.
According to these data, delivered by the Office of the High Commissioner for Peace in the middle east, there were seven more women in that space of negotiation. However, they were the ones who had roles more decisive, while they remained in charge of counseling and second row.
For example, among the records delivered, 20 men were representatives of the government with full power to agree and try crucial issues such as peace. In contrast, according to the same office, no woman was hired under this role as plenipotentiary.
However, thanks to the insistence of women's organizations, and according to the primer 'Peace is with Me,' the Office of the High Commissioner; María Ángela Holguín, María Paulina Riveros and Nigeria Renteria, participated in this job, decisive, designated at the time by the government of Juan Manuel Santos.
“I scored very well. These three women are played so that a government could be. [In addition], we arrive at the minimum of 30 % [with regard to the participation of this population dictates of the Law in decision-making positions]” said Angela Cerón, director of the Alliance Women's Initiative for Peace.
Of the total of 190 women recruited (according to data provided by the Office of the High Commissioner), 70 roles primarily of communication and pedagogy. 21 of them advised the negotiating team in the points Reforma Rural Integral and Implementation, Verification and Endorsement agreements.
Fifteen became part of the consultancy legal or contractual effect. Seven in strategic planning for citizen participation. Two in research. And 75 other activities.
This panorama of low participation was described as a “mistake”, of both the national government as the exguerrilla of the FARC, by the co-chair of the Corporation's Human, Adriana Benjumea.
She assured that the product of the pressure of the organizations and feminist —Women for Peace, to Narrate, to Live or Women's Network and the Caribbean— and even mobilizations in the streets, the women were visibilizando and had “not only a place as victims.” , but also to teach what it means to the differentiated impact of the armed conflict”. Thus “a peace process not only different, but better.”
In this also coincides Marina Gallego, National coordinator of Women's Pacific Route. “The inclusion was not because there was any awareness of the government and the FARC, but because we moved the agenda,” he says.
The result of this appeal and insistence, installed the Sub-commission of Gender on the 11th of September, 2014. A historic milestone as the first of its kind in spaces of termination of the armed conflict at the global level.
It was during three meetings over a period of almost a year, in which the líderesas of both corners: María Paulina Riveros, delegate of the national government; and Victoria Sandino Palmera, a delegate of the FARC-EP, along with the other representatives of women, feminists and sexual diversity, have submitted proposals and recommendations on issues of economic, cultural, social, and political.
“Without women, this agreement proud to broad and diverse sectors of Colombia would be an agreement incomplete. Because it would have left out the central themes for the rights of children and women, as well as the stakes of the women ex-combatants,” the report concludes 'Experiences, contributions and recognition'.
A lawyer participant of the agreements, to whom is reserved for your name in this same document the Corporation's Human and the Research Corporation, and Social and Economic Action (CIASE), warned in 2017 that this disparity has a negative effect on “the struggle against inequality and discrimination.”
As girls and young women did not see themselves represented in knowing that only in these positions of power “who can get publicly and visibly, are just the men and sends the signal that there are no women. That is improper.”
this document he acknowledged the work of women delegates from both sides, international aid workers and countries guaranteed, listening to his voice, experiences, learnings, and anguish, over four years of consultation.
“In general, there is a common view of women: in times of difficulties in the negotiation, the goal was not to give up and find other ways to look at the problem or the arguments in relation to the same, to be able to overcome the obstacle. (...) Highlighting (for example) the human dimension, and the emotional, or through the review of other experiences,” the report concludes.
And is that, according to a study by UN Women, “the peace processes that account with your participation, whether as witnesses, parties, mediators or negotiators, there is a 20% more chance” of reaching a peace agreement that perdurase, as minimum, to two years”. And even points out the Organization of the United Nations, “this percentage increases over time, since the probability of achieving a peace agreement lasting 15 years, growing by 35 %”.
A roadmap forward
The Resolution 1325 of 2000 of the United Nations, among other things, seeks to encourage la participación de las mujeres en todos los niveles de decisión de los espacios de solución de conflictos y gestión de posconflictos. La viceministra de Asuntos Multilaterales de la Cancillería, Laura Gil, presentó una hoja de ruta para elaborar el plan de implementación en el país.
Lo hizo el 24 de octubre de 2022, desde Quibdó, Chocó. Gil realizó el anuncio oficial junto a la Consejera Presidencial para la Equidad de la Mujer, Clemencia Carabalí, organizaciones de mujeres del Chocó, la canciller de Noruega, Anniken Huitfeldt. Estuvo también la Representante País de ONU Mujeres, Bibiana Aído Almagro, y el Jefe de la Misión de Verificación de las Naciones Unidas, Carlos Ruíz Massieu.
“El plan tendrá un enfoque territorial, étnico, etario e interseccional y será construido reconociendo y partiendo del trabajo de las organizaciones de mujeres que han venido realizando”, indicado la viceministra.
Esta hoja de ruta consiste en realizar cinco foros regionales, un foro nacional y consultas permanentes virtuales, para que los territorios, durante este 2023, conozcan de esta Resolución y hagan sus propuestas. Adicional, dijo, el proceso incluir la creación de un grupo interinstitucional de entidades de gobierno, representantes del Congreso y delegados de la Rama Judicial.
Una vez esté listo el diseño, el gobierno nacional lo consultará con el movimiento de mujeres para su aprobación final y así, en la próxima 78º Asamblea General de la ONU, en septiembre de este año, presentará el plan adoptado.
“Yo aplaudo profundamente el trabajo de la vicecanciller, Laura Gil, en la medida que pone la voz de las mujeres en un escenario de lo público para construir este plan de implementación. Que lo haya realizado en Chocó, habla de un hecho político muy importante”, destacó Ángela Cerón, directora de la Alianza Iniciativa de Mujeres por la Paz.
En conclusión, se trata de una ruta de implementación que tendrá su prueba central en la participación dentro de la mesa de negociación con el ELN y demás actores armados que cobijan la Paz Total.
Cuestión Pública envió un derecho de petición al Alto Comisionado para la Paz, Danilo Rueda, para conocer qué estrategias desde el Gobierno se están llevando a cabo para incluir las recomendaciones de las mujeres y conocer cuántas han sido contratadas y qué roles desempeñarán en la actual negociación con el EL N.
Sin embargo, hasta la fecha, no se ha recibido respuesta alguna.
https://cuestionpublica.com/la-paz-total-de-petro-sin-participacion-total-de-mujeres/
